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When Words Get Stuck: Understanding Stroke and Aphasia
A stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked or disrupted, which deprives brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. When brain cells die—often within minutes—it can affect everything from movement to memory to speech.
There are three main types of strokes:
- Ischemic Stroke – The most common, caused by a blocked artery.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke – Caused by a blood vessel rupture that leads to bleeding in the brain.
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – A “mini-stroke” with temporary symptoms due to a brief blockage.
When a stroke affects the left side of the brain—especially areas like Broca’s or Wernicke’s, which control language—it can lead to aphasia: a communication disorder that disrupts the ability to speak, understand, read, or write.
And that’s what we’ll focus on today: how therapists and caregivers can support someone with aphasia after stroke using practical tools, strategies, and empathy.
Aphasia Isn’t About Intelligence—It’s About Connection Loss
Aphasia can be confusing—especially when the person still “knows” what they want to say but just can’t get the words out. Here’s a breakdown of common types of aphasia in everyday terms:
- Broca’s Aphasia (Expressive): You know what you want to say, but can’t find the words. Speech is slow and effortful.
- Wernicke’s Aphasia (Receptive): Words flow easily, but they may not make sense—and it’s hard to understand others.
- Global Aphasia: Severe difficulties with both speech and comprehension.
- Anomic Aphasia: Trouble naming objects or finding the right word.
Understanding what type of aphasia someone has helps guide therapy and communication strategies.
Learn more about aphasia types – National Aphasia Association
Affiliate Link: EZ Speech Communication Board – Easy-to-use board to support basic needs and emotions.
Therapy That Works: Rebuilding Language, One Word at a Time
Supporting someone with aphasia means engaging the brain in communication—over and over again. Repetition, cues, and functional practice are key.
Therapists may use:
- Script training with short, everyday phrases
- Picture-based communication aids
- Singing or rhythm-based speaking (melodic intonation therapy)
- AAC devices for those with more severe needs
Helpful Tools to Try:
Caregivers Make a Big Difference—Here’s How
If you’re supporting someone at home, know this: your patience and presence matter just as much as therapy.
Try these communication-friendly habits:
- Speak slowly and clearly
- Use simple, direct phrases
- Ask yes/no questions when possible
- Use written words, gestures, or images
- Be patient—let them finish their thought
Tools That Help at Home:
- Large Print Dry Erase Board – For schedules, reminders, and visual cues
- The Caregiver’s Guide to Stroke Recovery – Practical advice for navigating recovery at home
Assistive Tech That Supports Speech Recovery
Modern tools can offer a lifeline when words are hard to come by. These devices can be used both in therapy sessions and at home.
Recommended tools include:
- Tablets with AAC apps (like Speech Assistant or Proloquo2Go)
- Voice recorders to practice speech or capture reminders
- Adaptive tools to support independence in daily living
Recommended Products:
- Amazon Fire Tablet – Affordable AAC option
- Digital Voice Recorder
- Adaptive Utensils for Stroke Survivors
Where to Turn for Trusted Information and Help
There are excellent organizations that offer ongoing support, education, and free resources for both professionals and families:
- American Stroke Association – Aphasia Page
- National Aphasia Association
- ASHA: Aphasia Practice Portal
Book Highlight:
- “The Word Escapes Me: Voices of Aphasia” – Personal stories from those living with aphasia.
You Don’t Have to Do This Alone
Aphasia may feel like a loss of connection—but it doesn’t have to be permanent. Through therapy, daily practice, and support from those who care, recovery is always possible. Even small gains in communication can make a big difference in quality of life.
Download Your Free Quick Reference Sheets
Stay prepared in the clinic or at home with printable cheat sheets for OT, ST, and PT.
Need More Than a Quick Sheet?
The Occupational Therapy Pocket Guide is now available!
Coming soon:
- Speech Therapy Pocket Guide – May
- Physical Therapy Pocket Guide – October
These guides go deeper than a handout and are built for real-world therapy.
We Want to Hear From You
Have you ever worked with or cared for someone with aphasia?
What communication strategy helped the most? Share your story in the comments—we learn best when we learn together.
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